Dark circles under the eyes are one of the most common cosmetic concerns, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. The causes of dark eye circles are multifaceted, and while there are numerous treatments available, one advanced solution is picosecond laser therapy. In this blog, we will explore the underlying causes of dark circles, common treatments, the science behind picosecond lasers, their suitability, and preventive habits to keep your under-eye area looking bright and refreshed.
1. Causes of Dark Eye Circles
Understanding what causes dark circles can help in choosing the right treatment, as different factors may contribute to this condition. Some of the primary causes include genetics, lifestyle factors, aging, and underlying health conditions.
1.1 Genetic Predispositions and Ethnicity
Genetics plays a significant role in the appearance of dark circles. Individuals with a family history of dark under-eye circles are more likely to develop them. Genetic factors may cause the skin around the eyes to be thinner, making blood vessels underneath more visible. Additionally, certain ethnic groups, such as individuals of Asian or Mediterranean descent, are more prone to hyperpigmentation around the eyes, which can contribute to dark circles.
1.2 Fat Pad Migration and Volume Loss Due to Aging
As we age, the skin loses elasticity, and fat pads around the eyes may shift downward. This migration of fat can create hollowed areas beneath the eyes, which, when combined with thinner skin, leads to the appearance of dark circles. Volume loss is particularly noticeable in individuals over the age of 40, and those with a genetic predisposition to a thinner dermis may experience this effect earlier in life.
1.3 Lifestyle Factors: Sleep, Smoking, Diet
Lifestyle choices play a significant role in the formation of dark circles. Lack of sleep can lead to blood vessel dilation under the eyes, creating a darker appearance. Smoking accelerates skin aging, causing thinning of the skin and reduced blood flow, while poor diet may result in nutritional deficiencies that contribute to pigmentation and poor circulation. Managing these lifestyle factors is a crucial part of preventing and reducing dark circles.
1.4 Health Conditions: Allergies, Eczema, Iron Deficiency
Allergies and conditions like eczema can cause inflammation and congestion around the eyes, leading to the appearance of dark circles. Inflammation can increase melanin production, which darkens the skin. Iron deficiency anemia is another health issue that can contribute to dark under-eye circles, as it can cause paleness in the skin, making dark circles more noticeable.
2. Common Treatments for Dark Eye Circles
Dark circles under the eyes are a common cosmetic concern, with many potential causes ranging from lifestyle habits to genetics. To tackle these, there are a variety of treatments available, ranging from topical creams to advanced aesthetic procedures. Let’s dive into some of the most popular options:
2.1 Topical Creams: Retinol, Vitamin C, Caffeine
Topical treatments are often the first line of defense against dark circles. They can be applied easily at home and are typically non-invasive. While their results are not as immediate as procedures like injections or lasers, they are highly effective over time, especially when combined with other treatments.
- Retinol: Retinol is one of the most well-known ingredients for improving the appearance of the skin. A derivative of Vitamin A, retinol encourages cell turnover, which helps to thicken the skin under the eyes and reduce the appearance of blood vessels. Over time, it can help minimize the dark, hollow look that often accompanies dark circles.
- Vitamin C: This powerful antioxidant is known for its skin-brightening properties. Vitamin C works by reducing pigmentation and encouraging collagen production. When applied topically, it can lighten dark spots, brighten the under-eye area, and even out the skin tone.
- Caffeine: Caffeine is often included in under-eye creams because of its vasoconstrictive properties. It works by shrinking blood vessels and reducing the appearance of puffiness. It’s particularly effective when dark circles are caused by fluid retention or vascular congestion in the under-eye area.
2.2 Aesthetic Procedures: Microneedling, PRP
When topical treatments are not enough to provide visible results, aesthetic procedures like microneedling and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy are an excellent option. These treatments can help regenerate the skin, increase collagen production, and improve skin tone and texture.
- Microneedling: Microneedling involves the use of a small device with tiny needles that create controlled micro-injuries in the skin. This triggers the body’s natural healing response, stimulating collagen and elastin production. Microneedling can help thicken the skin around the eyes, making it less transparent and reducing the appearance of dark circles.
- PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma): PRP therapy uses the patient’s own blood, which is processed to concentrate platelets. These platelets are then injected into the skin under the eyes. The growth factors in PRP stimulate collagen production, improve skin texture, and promote regeneration of the skin cells. PRP is ideal for those experiencing thinning skin under the eyes, as it helps to naturally restore volume and rejuvenate the area.
2.3 Injectable Options
Injectables are a more immediate and targeted solution for dark circles, especially when the cause is related to volume loss, blood vessel visibility, or deep hollows under the eyes. These treatments are performed by trained professionals and offer longer-lasting results compared to topical creams.
2.3.1 Rejuran i: Polynucleotides for Skin Regeneration
Rejuran i is a relatively newer injectable treatment specifically designed for under-eye rejuvenation. It uses polynucleotides, a form of DNA extracted from salmon, to promote tissue regeneration. This injectable treatment stimulates collagen production and strengthens the skin, restoring volume to the under-eye area. The result is a firmer, smoother, and more youthful appearance. Rejuran i is particularly effective for individuals who suffer from dark circles due to thinning skin or collagen depletion.
2.3.2 Sunekos Eye: Amino Acids and Hyaluronic Acid
Sunekos Eye is another injectable solution that combines amino acids and hyaluronic acid. This formulation works by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin, two key components that provide structure and elasticity to the skin. It’s an excellent option for those with mild under-eye dark circles caused by skin laxity or early signs of aging. Sunekos Eye can restore youthful firmness and reduce the appearance of dark circles over time.
2.3.3 Dermal Fillers: Tear Trough Volume Restoration
Dermal fillers, such as hyaluronic acid-based injectables, are commonly used to address dark circles that are caused by volume loss in the tear trough area. The tear trough is the hollow space that runs from the inner corner of the eyes down toward the cheeks. When volume is lost in this area, shadows form, making dark circles more prominent. Dermal fillers restore volume to this area, which in turn helps to smooth out the contour and reduce the appearance of dark circles. Fillers also provide a more immediate result compared to other treatments.
3. Pico Laser’s Spotlight on Dark Circles
The picosecond laser is a groundbreaking technology that has recently emerged as a powerful tool in the treatment of dark circles. It offers several advantages over traditional lasers, including enhanced precision, reduced downtime, and minimal risk of side effects. Let’s explore why this technology is gaining attention.
3.1 What Makes Picosecond Technology Unique
What sets picosecond technology apart from traditional lasers is its ability to deliver ultra-short bursts of light—lasting only one trillionth of a second. These incredibly fast pulses of light are able to target and break up pigment particles without causing damage to the surrounding tissue. This makes picosecond lasers ideal for treating sensitive areas like the under-eye region. In the context of dark circles, picosecond lasers target the pigment responsible for the discoloration. They break it into tiny, dust-like particles that the body can naturally remove over time. This results in gradual lightening of the dark circles, giving the skin a brighter, more refreshed appearance.
3.2 Why It’s Gentler Than Traditional Lasers
Traditional lasers typically rely on heat to break down pigment, which can cause thermal damage to the skin. In contrast, picosecond lasers use a photoacoustic effect, which involves high-speed light pulses that don’t generate heat. This reduces the risk of scarring, burns, and other side effects, making the treatment safer and more comfortable for the sensitive under-eye area. Picosecond lasers are also more precise, which allows them to target the pigment in the skin with greater accuracy. This precision is especially important in the delicate periorbital area, where surrounding tissue is thin and more prone to damage.
3.3 Safety and Precision in the Periorbital Area
The safety of the periorbital area, which includes the skin under the eyes, is of paramount importance in any treatment. The picosecond laser’s precision ensures that only the pigment is affected, leaving the surrounding tissue untouched. This minimizes the risk of unwanted side effects, such as skin burns, hyperpigmentation, or other complications. In addition, the picosecond laser’s ability to deliver rapid pulses means that the skin is subjected to less overall energy, which further reduces the risk of thermal damage. This makes picosecond lasers one of the safest options for treating dark circles under the eyes.
4. How Does Pico Laser Work on Under-Eye Pigmentation
Picosecond lasers are highly effective in treating pigmentation issues, including dark circles. Here’s a detailed look at how the laser works to reduce dark circles:
4.1 Ultra-Short Bursts, Mega Impact
The picosecond laser delivers ultra-short bursts of energy—lasting just one trillionth of a second. These ultra-fast pulses have a powerful impact on the skin, breaking up pigment particles without damaging the surrounding tissue. Unlike traditional lasers that rely on heat, the picosecond laser uses rapid pulses of light to shatter the pigment into tiny, dust-like particles.
4.2 Photoacoustic Effect vs. Photothermal Stress
Traditional lasers often use photothermal energy, relying on heat to break down melanin. However, heat in the periorbital region can lead to swelling, burns, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation—outcomes we certainly want to avoid. Picosecond lasers rely instead on the photoacoustic effect—a mechanical shockwave that shatters pigment without burning the skin. This makes it especially gentle and suitable for the thin, fragile under-eye skin. You get powerful pigment reduction with minimal redness, swelling, or downtime.
4.3 Fragmenting Pigment into Dust-Like Particles
When the picosecond laser is applied to the skin, the pigment in the dark circles is fragmented into microscopic particles. These particles are then absorbed by the body’s natural processes and eliminated through the lymphatic system. Over time, the pigment lightens, leading to a more even skin tone and a reduction in the appearance of dark circles.
4.4 Activating Natural Skin Rejuvenation
In addition to breaking up the pigment, the picosecond laser stimulates the production of collagen and elastin in the skin. This helps to improve the overall texture and elasticity of the skin under the eyes. As the skin regenerates, it becomes thicker and more resilient, which can help reduce the appearance of dark circles caused by thinning skin.
4.5 Target Precision Without Collateral Damage
One of the strongest advantages of picosecond technology is its ability to focus energy precisely on the target pigment, leaving surrounding tissues unharmed. This is crucial for the under-eye region, where the skin is thin and easily bruised. The laser’s accuracy ensures effective treatment with minimal risk of scarring, discoloration, or extended recovery time.
5. Suitable Candidates and Contraindications
The delicate nature of the under-eye area requires a highly tailored approach when considering laser treatments. Picosecond laser is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Understanding who stands to benefit and who may be at risk ensures safety, satisfaction, and optimal outcomes.
5.1 Ideal Candidates
Pico laser excels in targeting pigment-related dark circles, but only certain patient profiles are ideal for this approach.
5.1.1 Fitzpatrick Skin Types I–IV
Individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types I to IV—ranging from very fair to light brown skin tones—typically experience favorable outcomes. These skin types are less prone to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) when exposed to laser therapy. The precision of Pico laser, coupled with its minimal thermal effect, allows safe pigment targeting without inducing damage to the surrounding tissues.
5.1.2 Post-Inflammatory Pigmentation from Allergies
Chronic rubbing of the eyes, often seen in individuals with allergic rhinitis or eczema, can lead to darkened skin under the eyes due to post-inflammatory pigmentation. Pico laser can effectively shatter melanin clusters responsible for this discoloration while also stimulating dermal remodeling, resulting in a brighter and more even-toned under-eye area over time.
5.1.3 Patients with Mild Tyndall Effect
Patients who have undergone dermal filler treatments and are left with a mild bluish discoloration—often from filler migration near the surface (Tyndall effect)—may benefit from Pico laser to improve surrounding pigmentation. While the laser won’t dissolve hyaluronic acid fillers, it can soften the overall discoloration caused by concurrent melanin deposition.
5.2 When to Avoid Pico Laser
While Pico laser is generally safe, there are clear contraindications and scenarios in which its use should be postponed or avoided.
5.2.1 Active Skin Infections
Patients presenting with any active dermatological conditions—such as bacterial infections (e.g., impetigo), viral outbreaks (e.g., cold sores or shingles), or fungal issues—should defer treatment until complete resolution. Laser energy could potentially exacerbate the infection, spread it further, or delay healing.
5.2.2 Pregnancy or Breastfeeding
Though there’s no direct evidence suggesting harm from Pico laser during pregnancy or lactation, hormonal shifts during these stages can unpredictably alter skin response. Most practitioners err on the side of caution and recommend postponing elective aesthetic procedures until after pregnancy and breastfeeding.
5.2.3 History of Keloids or Poor Wound Healing
Individuals with a personal or family history of keloid formation or poor wound healing are generally poor candidates for laser therapy. Even though Pico laser minimizes thermal injury, the risk of abnormal healing or scar formation—especially in sensitive facial areas—must not be ignored.
5.2.4 Unrealistic Cosmetic Expectations
Not all dark circles stem from pigmentation. Vascular shadows, deep tear troughs, or thin translucent skin may require other interventions such as fillers, fat grafting, or PRP. Patients expecting a dramatic, one-treatment “cure” from Pico laser may be dissatisfied if not properly educated. Proper consultation is key to aligning goals with realistic outcomes.
6. Preventive Habits to Maintain Bright Eyes
A laser session may remove pigment, but maintenance lies in daily habits. The skin under the eyes is among the thinnest and most fragile on the body—it demands careful, long-term care. Without healthy lifestyle practices, dark circles can gradually return.
6.1 Consistent Sleep Schedule
Sleep is the body’s most powerful repair mechanism. Inadequate or inconsistent sleep leads to blood vessel dilation and fluid retention under the eyes, causing puffiness and discoloration. Prioritizing 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night—and sticking to regular sleep-wake times—helps preserve laser results and improve overall skin tone.
6.2 Use of SPF and Eye Creams with Antioxidants
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly worsens pigmentation, especially in the periorbital region. Even indoors, incidental UV exposure adds up. A daily broad-spectrum SPF 30 (or higher), specifically designed for the sensitive eye area, is essential. Combine this with eye creams containing antioxidants like Vitamin C, Vitamin E, ferulic acid, caffeine, or niacinamide to counter free radicals and reinforce skin defenses.
6.3 Allergy Control with Medical Guidance
If allergies contribute to dark circles, no cosmetic treatment will be fully effective without addressing the root cause. Use prescribed antihistamines, consider allergy testing, and minimize irritants such as dust mites and pollen. Avoid rubbing your eyes—this trauma exacerbates pigment formation. Medical intervention can break the cycle of inflammation and pigmentation.
6.4 Hydration, Nutrition, and Stress Management
Skin health reflects internal health. Dehydration reduces blood flow and elasticity, making dark circles more prominent. A diet rich in antioxidants (berries, leafy greens, nuts, and omega-3s) supports dermal resilience. Meanwhile, chronic stress elevates cortisol, which can thin skin and worsen discoloration. Regular hydration, mindful eating, and stress-relief practices such as yoga, deep breathing, or journaling are non-negotiable if you want to maintain a youthful, refreshed gaze.
7. Final Thoughts: Is Pico Laser the Right Choice?
Picosecond laser stands at the forefront of non-invasive skin rejuvenation. When it comes to dark circles, it offers a gentle yet powerful solution that targets pigment, encourages skin renewal, and avoids many of the risks tied to traditional lasers. But like any treatment, it’s not a miracle cure. For best results, patients should consult a trained aesthetic practitioner who can assess the cause of their dark circles—be it pigmentation, hollowness, thin skin, or vascular issues—and tailor a treatment plan accordingly. If pigmentation is your primary concern and you’re looking for a safe, high-precision, minimal-downtime solution, Pico laser might just be your brightest idea yet.
8. References
Evaluation of the Efficacy of the 755 nm Picosecond Laser in Eliminating Pigmented Skin Lesions after a Single Treatment Based on Photographic Analysis with Polarised Light:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816936
Lasers for Treatment of Melasma and Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3461803
Prospective studies of the efficacy and safety of the picosecond 755, 1,064, and 532 nm lasers for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles:
